Home economics, also known as family and consumer sciences, is a field of study that deals with managing household and family affairs, such as cooking, nutrition, budgeting, child care, sewing, and more. The term “home economics” was coined in 1899 by the American Home Economics Association, which later became the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences.

The origins of home economics can be traced back to the 19th century when women’s education was expanding and social reform movements were advocating for better living conditions for families. Home economics emerged as a way to teach women practical skills and scientific knowledge that could improve their domestic lives and contribute to social welfare. Some of the pioneers of home economics were Ellen Swallow Richards, who founded the first laboratory for sanitary chemistry at MIT; Catharine Beecher, who promoted domestic education for women; and Martha Van Rensselaer and Flora Rose, who established the first college-level home economics department at Cornell University, and Margaret Murray Washington, principal of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, later known as Tuskegee University (and was married to the school’s founder and president, Booker T. Washington).

Home economics became a popular subject in schools and colleges across America in the early 20th century, especially after World War I and the Great Depression, when families faced economic hardships and food shortages. Home economics courses taught students how to prepare nutritious meals, preserve food, make clothing, manage finances, and practice hygiene. Home economics also played a role in social movements such as women’s suffrage, civil rights, and environmentalism, as home economists advocated for women’s rights, racial equality, and the conservation of natural resources.

In the second half of the 20th century, home economics underwent several changes and challenges. As more women entered the workforce and pursued higher education, home economics expanded its scope to include career development, consumer education, family relations, and human development. Home economics also faced criticism from some feminists who argued that it reinforced traditional gender roles and stereotypes. In response, home economists revised their curriculum and pedagogy to reflect the diversity and complexity of contemporary families and consumers.

In the 21st century, home economics continues to evolve and adapt to society’s changing needs and interests. Home economics has embraced new technologies such as computers, the internet, and social media, which have transformed the way people communicate, learn, shop, and manage their households. Home economics has also addressed new issues such as globalization, sustainability, health care, aging, and diversity. In 2023, home economics celebrates its 124th anniversary as a field of study that aims to enhance the quality of life for individuals, families, and communities.

Source: “The Secret History of Home Economics: How Trailblazing Women Harnessed the Power of Home and Changed the Way We Live” by Danielle Dreilinger